| Integument | Testa |
| The ovule is covered by this membrane. |
In other words, it is the outer covering of a seed. |
| There are two or three layers, and it is thin. |
It is layered and quite thick. |
| Live cells make up its structure. | Cells in it are no longer alive. |
| There are no sclereids | Sclereids are found in abundance in cells. |
| The ovule produces it at the chalazal end. |
The ovule outer integument is the source of the ovule structure. |
| Integument is prefertilized. | Structures that develop postfertilization are called testa |
What is apomixis and what is its importance?
Explain the role of tapetum in the formation of pollen-grain walls.
If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why?
What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?
Why is an apple called a false fruit? Which part(s) of the flower forms the fruit?