Name and describe briefly methods of extraction

Mining, drilling, and quarrying are methods of extraction. Mining is a process of extraction of taking out minerals from rocks under the earth’s surface.

1. Opencast mining: In this, minerals lying at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer.
2. Shaft mining: In this, deep bores (called shafts) are made to reach mineral deposits lying at large depths.
3. Drilling: In this, deep wells are bored to take out minerals.
4. Quarrying: It is the process of extraction in which minerals lying very close to the surface are extracted just by digging them out.